2020年高中必修一welcome unit语法句子成分及句子结构.docx

一.句子成分 句子成分及句子基本结构 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成 和 。 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、 、定语、状语、同位语. ㈠主语（subject） 主语是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述什么。 ①Workersmakemachines. ②Shewentoutinahurry. ③Threeplusfive iseight. ④Theyoung shouldrespect theold. ⑤To see is to believe. ⑥Running is good for your health. ⑦Whenweshallleave hasn ’tbeendecided. 找出句中主语① 找出句中主语 ① Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom. ② Thereisanoldmancominghere. ③Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 ①简单谓语 Thesun risesintheeast. He lookedafter twoorphans. ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; Hecanspeak Englishverywell. Thework mustbedone beforethreeo ’clock. ③英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词 have,get,take,give 等。如： (1).Ihadaswimyesterday. （hadaswim 代替了 swam） (2).Takealookatthat! （takealook 代替了 look） (3).Hegaveasigh. （gaveasigh 代替了 sighed） 挑出下列句中的谓语① Idontlikethepictureonthewall.② Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes. 挑出下列句中的谓语 ① Idontlikethepictureonthewall. ② Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes. ③ Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus? ④ Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon. ⑤ Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast? 动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Hedoesn ’tlike thejob . Weenjoy playingfootball . 3.Hesaidthat hewouldreturnsoon. 4.Heoffered me thejob . 指出下列句中的宾语 指出下列句中的宾语 ① Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework. ② PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish. ③ Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. ④ Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass? ⑤ Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou? （四）表语 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Weare Chinese. I’mnotquite myself today. Whowas thefirst ? Thewarwas over. Heis outofcondition . Theyseemto knowthetruth . Hishobbyis playingcomputergames. Thatis whathetoldmeyesterday . 系动词有三类： be 动词：am、is、are、was、were 表示感官类的动词：look、smell、sound、feel、taste、appear、seem 挑出下列句中的表语① Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.② WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③ Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④ Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤ Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.表示变化类的词：go(变得…)、get