初一英语知识点讲解2.docx

代词 （一）人称代词 1. 含义：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。 2. 主格一般用在句子开头做主语，通常用在动词前。 e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom. 3. 宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象，一般用在动词和介词后面。 数 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully. （二）物主代词 1. 含义：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。 2. 形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。 如：my watch, his cousin, our school 3. 名词性物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中作主语、表语、宾语，如： eg. May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. (作表语) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语) 4. 名词性物主代词可以与of连用，做定语。 如：A friend of ours is waiting for us. 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形 容 词 性 my your his her its our your their 名 词 性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs （三）不定代词 1. 含义：没有明确指定代替某个(些)人或物的词叫不定代词。 2. 不定代词一览表 可数 each, one, many, few, a few, both, another, either, neither 不可数 much, little, a little 可数和不可数 all, some, none, such, any, other 复合不定代词 anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything 2. 易混淆的不定代词 (1) some, any some any 修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词. 用于肯定句和表示建议、请求的疑问句中(期待一个肯定答案). I have some books/money. Would you like some meat?(表建议) Is there some butter in the fridge?(期待一个肯定答案) 用疑问句、否定句及条件句. She doesn’t have any brothers or sisters. Did you have any of the teachers?(单纯提问) If you have any questions you can ask me . (2) few, a few, little, a little 用法 含义 肯定(有一点) 否定(几乎没有) 可数 a few(only a few) There are a few pears on the table. few (very few I can see few flowers in the garden. 不可数 a little (only a little) There is a little sugar in the jar. little (very little) There is little bread for supper. We’d better buy some. (3) many, much many much 表示数量很多,相当于a lot of, lots of, plenty of等. 修饰可数名词复数. There are many tall buildings in this area. 修饰不可数名词. The girl drank much water after running. (4) either, any either any 均有”任一个”的含义. 指两个人或物种的任一个. Either of the twins can tell you the address. 指两个以上的人或物种的任一个. Any of my classmates knows the answer. (5) each, e