昆虫形态学课件-体壁、消化系统与循环系统.pptVIP

Additional Roles of Circulatory System In addition, it plays several critical roles in defense ? seals off wounds through a clotting reaction encapsulates and destroys internal parasites or other invaders are very important in the immune system of insects. in some species produces distasteful compounds hydraulic (liquid) properties of blood are important for molting 5.4 DIGESTIVE EXCRETORY SYSTEMS消化和排泄系统 1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 消化系统-alimentary canal / gut of insects Digestive - Consumption processing of food Foregut (stomodaeum) 前肠 Midgut (mesenteron) 中肠 Hindgut (proctodaeum) 后肠 Foregut (Stomodaeum ) 前肠：由外胚层内陷而成，由内向外可分为内膜、肠壁细胞层、底膜、纵肌、环肌及围膜。 Ingestion, storage, grinding and transport of food to midgut mouth (oral cavity) 口、throat (pharynx) 咽、oesophagus 食道、crop 嗉囊for storage of food 、proventriculus 前胃 (gizzard) when present, sometimes armed with teeth for grinding、cardiac (stomodael) valve 贲门瓣, located at the end of proventriculus Midgut (Mesenteron ) 中肠：来源于内胚层，由内向外可分为围食膜、肠壁细胞层、底膜、环肌、纵肌和围膜。中肠是分泌消化酶、消化食物和吸收养分的主要部位。前端紧接前胃，后端以马氏管着生处与后肠分界。 gastric caeca 胃盲囊 (sl. caecum) - finger-like, usually from 2 to 10, diverge from the walls of the midgut, provide greater area for digestion Ventriculus 胃 - the rest of the midgut, the primary site for enzymatic digestion of food and absorption of nutrients Peritrophic membrane 围食膜: protects the delicate digestive cells without inhibiting absorption of nutrient molecules pyloric valve 幽门瓣 - marks the posterior end of the midgut Hindgut (proctodaeum) 后肠：来源于外胚层，后肠的组织结构与前肠相似，只是肌肉的层次排列同中肠的相似，即环肌在内，纵肌在外。 Absorption of water, salts and other important minerals, elimination of feces through anus an ileum 回肠 a colon 结肠 a rectum 直肠：Rectal pads 直肠垫: embedded in the walls of the rectum, six in number, efficiently recover water by the rectal pads Anus 肛门 Internal structure of a locust 飞蝗的消化道 Dissections of a female American cockroach, Periplaneta americana 分别去足、翅 从体两侧气门线以上纵剪体壁 掀去背板，展开、固定于蜡盘中 Digestive system of a cricket蟋蟀的消化道 蟋蟀消化道 家蚕幼虫消化道