巴德 宏观经济学原理（英文版·第8版）Chapter 18 Eye Ons.pptxVIP

18EYE ONSGlobal Markets in Action Economists generally agree that the gains from globalization vastly outweigh the losses.But there are both winners and losers.The U.S. consumer is a big winner.Globalization has brought iPads, Wii games, Nike shoes, and a wide range of other products to our shops at ever lower prices. The Indian (and Chinese and other Asian) worker is another big winner.Globalization has brought a wider range of more interesting jobs and higher wages. The U.S. (and European) textile workers and furniture makers are big losers.Their jobs have disappeared and many of them have struggled to find new jobs even when they’ve been willing to take a pay cut. But one of the biggest losers is the African farmer.Blocked from global food markets by trade restrictions and subsidies in the United States and Europe, globalization is leaving much of Africa on the sidelines. The figure shows ten large U.S. exports, graphed as values of net exports. The three largest exports are private services, travel, and automobile parts. Aircraft is also a major export. The figure shows ten large U.S. imports, graphed as values of net exports. Our largest import is computers. Other large imports are industrial and service machinery and automobiles and parts. trade agreements with individual countries or regions.U.S. tariffs today are modest in comparison with their historical levels.The figure shows the average tariff rate—total tariffs as a percentage of total imports.The United States is member of the WTO and GATT, and party to many International trade plays an extraordinarily large role in your life in three broad ways. It affects you as aConsumerProducerVoter As a consumer, you benefit from the availability of low cost, high-quality goods and services that are produced in other countries.Where was your computer made? Where were your shirt and your shoes made? Where is the coffee that you buy grown? The answers a