选修unit语法解析.pptxVIP

一.功能 现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。 1.作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. ;2.作原因状语 相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转化为一个原因状语从句。 Not knowing English , he couldn’t understand the film. 3.作伴随/方式 状语，表示一个次要的动作。 He sat there reading a book. Laughing and talking, the students went to school. He came running.(方式） 　;4.作结果状语 表示必然的结果，通常放在主句后面中间用逗号隔开，有时为了突出结果，分词前加thus。 Her husband died, leaving her four children. 5.作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句 Having tried many times, he still couldn’t succeed. 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。 Working very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired. 尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲劳。 ;6.作条件状语，表示一种假设情况，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 7.作评论性状语（悬垂结构） 作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度，观点等。 generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格地说 frankly speaking 坦率地说 ;　语态 时态;分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子 的主语一致。如果不一致, 必须用独立主格结构来 表示, 也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. The train having gone, we had to wait another day. 分析:前一例中, -ing形式的逻辑主语为主句的主语。 后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是 the train。 ;判断正误 Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study. Standing on top of the tower, the whole city comes into our view. Standing on top of the tower, we can get a view of the whole city.;一般来说, -ing形式表示主动、进行; 过去分词表 示被动、完成。试比较: The?enemy?fled?in?a?panic,?leaving?behind?a?lot?of? dead?bodies?and?weapons. Defeated??and?frightened,?the?enemy?fled?in?a?panic. ;3. 分词短语做状语时, 前面可以加上连词或介词, 但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but, and), 因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分, 而分词 短语只是全句的一个状语部分, 分词和主句之间可 用逗号。 Eg. 正：When seeing from the top of the hill, you can enjoy the whole beauty of this city. 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. ;4. -ing分词的一般式和完成式 一般情况下，-ing分词的一般式的动作表示和 后面句子的动作是同时进行的动作；完成式的动作 是先于后面句子的动作发生。 如：?Being a student, he w