瞬间性动词与延续性动词(新).docxVIP

. . . . 延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time 等2.since 从句,since he came here; since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词 ,表示不能延续的动作 ,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。 如果要与 for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long 连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换： 非延续性动词 leave borrow buy begin/start die finish join open sth. come here go there become come back come to/get to/ arrive(in/at)/reach/ 延续性动词 be away(from) keep have be on be dead be over be in+组织机构;be a member of+组织机构 keep sth. open be here be there be be back be (in)/stay(in/at) move to move to go (get) out put on fall ill get up catch a cold fall asleep get to know wake up close be out wear be ill be up have a cold be asleep know be up be closed 例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的 die、come 为终止性动词，不能与表示 段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. 将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 用句型It is+段时间+since...表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 用句型时间+has passed+since...表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的 状语连用。 . . . . 如:1.He hasnt left here since 1986. 2.I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 五、终止性动词的否定式与 until/till 连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till ...的句型，意为 直到……才……。 如：1. You cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。 2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 六、终止性动词可以用于 when 引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于 while 引导的