定语从句 介词加关系词.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 “介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句 1,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 where, when, why 等。 whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 He has a friendwhose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 一、基本构成 “介词+关系代词 ”结构引导的定语从句中， 关系代词只能用 which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。 The manto whom you spoke is a teacher. The cityin which she lives is far away. The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 在定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用 that/which(指物)； that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略。如： （1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher. The city（which/that）she lives in is far away. 注： 通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to 等。 This is the pen(that / which)you are looking for. The patient (who/whom /that )she is looking after is her father. The words(that /which)we should pay attention toare written on the blackboard. There are fifty patients(who/whom/that)we musttake good care of. 练习：Are these sentences right? The man with whom you talked is my friend. The man(who/that) you talked with is my friend. The man with who/that you talked is my friend. The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 二、关系副词 when，where，why 引导的定语从句。可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。 其中 when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during 等）+which； where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under 等）+which； why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词 when 引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which 来代替关系副词 when。 例如： I still remember the daywhen I came here. ( on the day =when) 当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词 where 引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which 来代替关系副词 where。 例如： This is the housewhere I lived last year. ( in the house= where) 当先行词为 r