实验动物学课件.pptVIP

* * The words and meanings of 3 Rs for alternatives were proposed by Russell and Burch in 1959. Replacement alternatives are to replace animal test with in vitro test, Reduction alternatives are to to reduce the number of animals as much as possible, And Refinement alternatives are to reduce animal’s pain by using anesthesia, shortening test period. * The substitution for conscious living higher animals of insentient animals/materials * Next example is the alternative test for eye irritation. In 1990s, there have been 2 validation projects for eye irritation test alternatives in Japan, o