病毒的结构课件.pptVIP

Structure of Virus WHAT ARE VIRUSES Viruses are the smallest infectious agents and contain only one kind of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) as their genome. The nucleic acid is encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid-containing membrane. Viral Structure Basic Structure Viral Core Viral Capsid consists of a nucleic acid genome*** and enzyme***. Single kind***: consists of DNA or RNA ( never both-----either DNA or RNA)*** DNA : single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) double-stranded DNA ( dsDNA ) --- the commonest type of nucleic acid in viruses of human. RNA: dsRNA ssRNA --- the commonest type of nucleic acid in viruses of human. ＋ssRNA positive sense (+) (like messenger RNA [mRNA]) is the same as the viral mRNA ,can direct as viral mRNA -ssRNA negative sense (-). as a template transcribe complementary mRNA. The RNA genome may also be segmented into pieces, with each piece encoding an individual gene. The core may also contain certain essential or accessory enzymes or other proteins. Genome 基因组 The genome of a virus can be either DNA or RNA DNA-double stranded (ds): linear or circular Single stranded (ss) : linear or circular RNA- ss:segmented or non-segmented ss:polarity+(sense) or polarity –(non-sense) ds: linear (only reovirus 呼肠病毒family) Function of viral nucleic acid genome*** genome （基因组） encode genetic information*** ----Control the viral heredity and variation, Can replication infectious nucleic acid***（感染性核酸） refer to some viral nucleic acid which can enter cells and reproduce new viruses. responsible for the infectivity Viral Capsid 衣壳 The protein shell, or coat, that encloses the nucleic acid genome. Nucleocapsid（核衣壳）*** The core of a virus particle consisting of the genome plus a complex of proteins. made up of subunits called capsomeres壳粒***. Capsomeres Capsomeres----- morphologic units The arrangement of capsomeres gives the virus structure its ge