可持续发展的绿色核算国际和世行经验Sustainabi.pptVIP

Green Accounting for Sustainable Development可持续发展的绿色核算International and World Bank Experience 国际和世行经验Magda LoveiSector ManagerEnvironmentEast Asia and Pacific RegionThe World Bank第一页，共二十六页。1 Outline 提纲Introduction 前言International experience 国际经验The World Bank’s Adjusted Net Savings methodology 世行经过调整的净储蓄方法 Adjusted Net Savings in Asia亚洲经过调整的净储蓄Looking ahead 未来发展 第二页，共二十六页。2 1 – Introduction 前言Asset accounting for sustainable development 可持续发展的资产核算第三页，共二十六页。3 A condition for sustainable development可持续发展的一个条件Society’s real wealth is not declining over time社会真正财富是不随时间而下降的Real wealth consists of真正财富包括：Produced assets 生产的资产(buildings, machines, vehicles, etc.)? accounted for in the National AccountsOther assets其它资产 (expanding the measure of wealth)Natural resourcesHuman capitalSocial capital第四页，共二十六页。4 Empirical evidence: The importance of human and social capital as component of wealth实例：人力和社会资本在财富中的重要程度第五页，共二十六页。5 Empirical evidence: Large difference in the composition of natural capital across countries实例：自然资本各国差异很大第六页，共二十六页。6 2 – International experience 国际经验Examples of accounting for asset depreciation 资产折旧核算案例第七页，共二十六页。7 Capturing rents from natural resources – Example from Norway 获取自然资源的租金－挪威案例Significant amounts of rents generated by oil industry but with high fluctuationsForests generate substantial rents – but rents accrue to private sector (which is also subsidized)Oil and gas – Resource rents and taxes (1985-1996)Forestry – Resource rents and taxes (1985-1995)第八页，共二十六页。8 Assessing the “cost” of equity – Example from Norway 净资产的费用评估－挪威案例Fisheries – Resource rents and subsidies (1985-1995)Norway chose to support small scale fisheries to promote regional developmentFisheries do not produce positive rentsNo revenue collectionHighly subsidized industry第九页，共二十六页。9 Reinvesting rents into other forms of capital – Example from Botswana把租金再投向其他形式的资本－波斯瓦那案例Mineral revenues are 35% of GDP矿产收入占GDP的35％Government has developed “Sustainable Budget Index “(SBI)政府开发了可持续预算指数