流行病绪论预防沈二.pptxVIP

流行病绪论预防沈二;Chapter I: Introduction; Questions: 1 Do you know anything about Epidemiology? ;实际例子(Practical examples) 非典型肺炎(严重的急性呼吸综合症: SARS) The causes? (Chlamydia or Virus? Transmission route?) The diagnosis? (ELISA, PCR?) The treatment? (effectiveness?) The control prevention? (strategies?); 其他实际例子(Other Practical Examples) 1 AIDS? 2 Lung Cancer ? 3 自然人群中儿童肥胖的患病率 ? (prevalence rate of obesity)? 4 临床诊断试验评价(diagnostic test)? 5 新药临床试验(clinical trial)?; 二十一世纪的医学科学 Disease-oriented ?Health-oriented 主导：疾病(disease)－健康（health） 核心：病人(patients)－人群(population) 基础：医院(hospital)－社区(community) 关键：诊治(diagnosis treatment) －预防与健康促进(prevention health promotion) 支柱：医学界(medical field)－全社会(whole society);;What is epidemiology? ;MacMahon(1970)：流行病学是研究人类疾病的分布及决定疾病频率的决定因子的科学。 Lilienfeld(1980)：流行病学是研究人群群体中疾病之表现形式（表型）及影响这些表型的因素。 苏德隆(1964)：流行病学是医学中的一门学科，它研究疾病的分布、生态学及防治对策。;流行病学是研究疾病和健康状态在人群中的分布及其影响因素，并研究防制疾病及促进健康的策略和措施的科学。-------连志浩（1994）; Epidemiology; Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. ---An Introduction to Epidemiology ;流行病学定义的诠释; 流行病学是研究人群中疾病与健康状况的分布及其影响因素，并研究防制疾病及促进健康的策略和措施的科学; 疾病 　 传染病、寄生虫病、地方病、非传染性疾病等 伤害 　 意外、残疾、智障、身心损害等 健康状态 　 生理生化机能状态、疾病前状态、长寿等; 流行病学是研究人群中疾病与健康状况的分布及其影响因素，并研究防制疾病及促进健康的策略和措施的科学;;描述流行病学方法;流行病学学科的???石 Basic Assumptions of Epidemiology;Epidemiology is: A quantitative basic science built on a working knowledge of distribution, probability, statistics of diseases we are interested in; A research method of causal reasoning based on developing and testing hypotheses pertaining to occurrence and prevention of diseases; A tool for public health action to promote and protect the public health based on science, causal reasoning, and a dose of common sense. ;二、流