语言学掌握基础知识.docxVIP

语言学掌握基础知识 语言学掌握基础知识 第一章language and linguistics 1.名词解释：language（语言）:is a scientific system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 2.a system of sounds and a system of meanings. 3.名词解释 ：arbitrariness（任意性）:is the result of the need to express and code a wide range of meanings. 4.判断题：(1) the primary medium of language is sound. (2) Chidren learn to speak before they learn to read and write. (3） Writing is based on speech. (4) People use spoken language more often than writing . 5.填空题（10个10分）七大功能 7.判断题： （1）According to Crystal克里斯多(1987) ,there are at least 29 languages families in the world. （2）the Indo-European is the largest family .It covers most of europe and north india,predominates in north and south america,and australasia .The Sino-Tibetan family includes Chinese and its numerous dialects, Burmese缅甸的, and some southeast asian language. 8.名词解释：linguistics:（语言学）is the science of language and thus is usually defined as the systematic study of language or , a discipline学科 that describes all aspects of language and formulate theories as to how language works. 9.判断题：对比langue（语言）和parole(言语) langue:(1)The abstract抽象 system;(2)A collective 集的体body of knowledge;(3) A kind of一种 common reference manual参考指南;(4)Acquired by all menbers of a community of speakers. parole:(1)The particular actualities现状 of individual utterance;（2） The contingent偶然发生的 executive执行者 side if things;(3) The relatively superficial表面的 behavioral reflexes反应 of knowledge；（5）The use of language in utterances. 10.判断题：（1）lingustics is descriptive描述性 ,not prescriptive规定性。 （2) lingusts regard the spoken language as primary,not the written. 11.语言学的六大分支： （1）phoneties语音学 (2)phonology音系学 (3)morphology形态学 (4)syntax句法学 (5)semantics语义学 (6)pragmatics语用学 第二章：phonetics语音学 and phonology音系学 1.名词解释：phonetics（语音学）:is the scientific study of speech and is concerned with defining定义 and classifying分类 speech sound. Speech is a purposeful 有目的的human active. 2.