华中农业大学微生物英文.pptxVIP

华中农业大学微生物英文第1页/共52页 5.1 General Properties of Viruses 5.2 General Features of Virus Reproduction5.3 Overview of Bacterial Viruses5.4 Temperate Bacteriophages: Lysogeny and Lambda5.5 Overview of Animal Viruses5.6 Pox Viruses5.7 Adcnoviruses5.8 Retroviruses5.9 Viroids and PrionsChapter outline第2页/共52页 (1) their simple, acellular organization (2) the absence of both DNA and RNA in the same virion, (3) their inability to reproduce independently of cells and carry out cell division as prokaryotes and eukaryotes do.viruses differ from living cells in at least three ways:5.1 General Properties of Viruses第3页/共52页 Virion, the extracellular phase, posses few if any enzymes and can not reproduce independently of living cells. In the intracellular phase, viruses exist primarily as replicating nucleic acids that induce host metabolism to synthesize virion components; eventually complete virus particles or virions are released. extracellular and intracellularViruses can exist in two phases第4页/共52页 Hosts and sizeThree main classes - animal viruses, bacterial viruses (bacteriophages), and plant viruses. The particular host range of a virus is determined by the viruss requirements for its specific attachment to the host cell and the availability within the potential host of cellular factors required for viral multiplication.第5页/共52页 Virus particles (virions) vary widely in size and shape. Viruses are smaller than cells, ranging in size from 0.02 to 0.3 μm. A common unit of measure for viruses is the nanometer, which is 1000 times smaller than 1 um and 1 million times smaller than 1 mm. Smallpox virus, one of the largest viruses, is about 200 nm in diameter (a bit smaller than the size of the smallest bacteria); poliovirus, one of the smallest, is only 28 nm in diameter (about the size of a ribosome).第6页/共52页 Viruses vary considerably in size. Although most are quite a bit smaller than bacteria, some of the larger viruses (such as the smallpox virus) are about the same size as some