儿科学课件-ADHD多动症.pptVIP

多动 活动水平与年龄发育不相称 活动无明确的目的性 冲动 未想先做，不考虑后果 不能等待 注意力缺陷 被动注意占优势、主动注意力不足 注意强度弱、维持时间短暂、稳定性差 注意范围狭窄、不善于分配注意 * Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) 注意力缺陷多动障碍 * Definition ADHD is characterized by inattention, including increased distractibility注意力分散 and difficulty sustaining【持续的】 attention poor impulse control and decreased self-inhibitory capacity【自制能力】 motor overactivity and motor restlessness 注意力不集中【核心】，行为冲动，活动过度 * Epidemiology prevalence of ADHD across the globe : 5-10% of school-aged children 2-6% of adolescent 2% of adults * ETIOLOGY Genetic factors candidate genes,eg:DAT1,DRD4 Environment factors birth complications maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy prenatal or postnatal exposure to lead… Psychosocial family * Pathogenesis Abnormal brain structures are linked to an increased risk of ADHD dopamine hypothesis假设 which postulates that disturbances in the dopamine system may be related to the onset of ADHD. 多巴胺输送因子DAT1和多巴胺D1受体变异，失去对多巴胺的敏感性。 * Clinical manifestations Hyperactivity 活动过度 根本停不下来 * Symptoms of Hyperactivity Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat Leaves seat in classroom or in other situation in which remaining seated is expected Runs or climbs excessively when inappropriate Has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly Always on the go or act as if driven by a motor Often talks excessively In adolescence, may exhibit feeling of restlessness * Impulsivity 行为冲动，不计后果 Clinical manifestations * Symptoms of Impulsivity Blurts out answers before questions have been completed Has difficulty waiting in turn Interrupts or intrudes on others (for example butts into conversations or games) * Clinical manifestations Inattention 注意力不集中【核心症状】 * Symptoms of Inattention Fails to pay close attention to details or makes careless mistakes Has difficulty maintaining attention in tasks or play activities Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not follow directions and fails to complete schoolwork