海运合同与能效.pptx

IMO Model Course 4.05Energy Efficient Operation of ShipsLecture 2-3:Shipping contracts and energy efficiencyHangzhou, China 8 to 9 December 2016 Dr Zabi BazariEnergy and Emissions SolutionsLondon, UK Shipping contractsType of contracts to be coveredBill of ladingCharter party / contract of carriageVoyage ChartersTime ChartersDemise ChartersContracts of Affreightment Bill of LadingThe bill of lading is a legal document that governs the relationship between the shipper and the carrierThere are a number of bill of lading types; for example: “Endorsed order bills of lading” can be traded as a security or serve as collateral against debt obligations.Therefore a bill of lading is:A standard form document. Could be transferable by endorsement.Is a receipt from the shipping company. The bill of lading therefore may perform 3 functions:Evidence that the goods has been received by the carrier.Evidence of the actual contract of carriage.Document of title to the goods. Charter party“Charter party” or “charter”: Is a contract by which the ship owner lets the ship to another person.The content will include legal and commercial aspects plus additional conditions on how the ship will be used or operated. Thus a charter-party governs the relationship between the ship-owner and the charterer. Charter party normally deals with the hiring of the full ship while a “contract of affreightment” deals with carriage of goods forming only part of the cargo and coming under a bill of lading.Charter parties are highly standardized and are grouped into three main types Voyage charterTime charterDemise or bare boat charter Voyage charterA voyage charter is a contract of carriage for one or more voyages. The ship remains under the control of the owner including manning, maintenance and navigation. Fuel cost is normally paid by the owner (could be other ways).Cargo carried may also have a bill of lading.The contract will normally have a ‘due dispatch’ clause.There are also a number of days ‘lay day