心血管系统英文.pptVIP

Pathology of the Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system is composed of heart, arterials, capillaries and veins. It is the structure foundation for keeping blood circulation, material exchanges between blood and tissue and transmitting information of body fluid.Normal heart The structure changes of cardiovascular system will be responsible for the functional changes that disturb whole and/or local blood circulation. The disorders of cardiovascular system affect the human health and life and are a leading cause of death in the world. The valve of normal heart Mainly discuss the commonest diseases of heart and arterials, including :①degenerative vascular disorders including atherosclerosis, hypertension;②ischemic heart disease including myocardial infarction;③myocarditis and cardiomyopathy；④diseases of the pericarditis；⑤rheumatic fever；⑥infective endocarditis；⑦disorder of cardiac valves Rheumatic fever (RF)This is a multisystem disease and an acute, often recurrent, inflammatory disease principally of children that generally follows a pharyngeal(but not skin) infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. RF is a systemic disorder affecting: ①heart: pericarditis, myocarditis, and endocarditis; ②joint: polyarthritis; ③skin: subcutaneous nodules and erythema; ④arteries: arteritis. Aschoff bodies constitute foci of fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, an occasional plasma cell, and plump “activated” histiocytes called Anitschkow cells or Aschoff cells. Lesions stimulate fibroblast proliferation and lead to scarring. Aschoff nodule at high magnification. The most characteristic component is the Aschoff giant cell. Several appear here as large cells with two or more nuclei that have prominent nucleoli. Rheumatic heart diseasecan be classified into three main types： 1.rheumatic myocarditis2.rheumatic pearicarditis3.rheumatic pancarditis Acute rheumatic fever These warty vegetations average only a few millimeters and form along the l