营养与OBAS高血压.pptxVIP

营养与OBAS高血压;肥胖的定义 ;;;肥胖的诊断 ;人体测量法 ;身高测量;体重测量;身体的围度;皮褶厚度;肥胖判定标准和方法 ;身高标准体重法 ;BMI(body mass index);BMI评判标准;皮褶厚度法 ;体脂物理测量法 ;化学测定方法 ;肥胖的分类 ;肥胖发生的原因;肥胖发生的原因;肥胖的种类;;肥胖对健康的危害;肥胖对健康的危害;肥胖对儿童健康的危害 ;;肥胖的预防和治疗 ;减1kg体重不同运动所需时间;;治疗;平衡膳食宝塔建议不同能量膳食的各类食物参考摄入量（克/日）;不要忽视任何一餐 一次“涮锅子”就能导致急性痛风发作、急性胰腺炎、急性胆囊炎……;运动量;运动强度与心率对应表;药物;非药物;疾病死亡率排行;发病率;心脑血管疾病;Noncommunicable Disease Model;心血管疾病的危险因素;第42页/共85页;AS的发生发展过程; Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis. The earliest changes that precede the formation of lesions of atherosclerosis take place in the endothelium. From: Ross, N Eng J Med 1999,340(2) 115-26;Fatty-Streak Formation in Atherosclerosis. Fatty streaks initially consist of lipid-laden monocytes and macrophages (foam cells) together with T lymphocytes. Later they are joined by various numbers of smooth-muscle cells. ;Formation of an Advanced, Complicated Lesion of Atherosclerosis. As fatty streaks progress to intermediate and advanced lesions, they tend to form a fibrous cap that walls off the lesion from the lumen. ;Unstable Fibrous Plaques in Atherosclerosis. Rupture of the fibrous cap or ulceration of the fibrous plaque can rapidly lead to thrombosis and usually occurs at sites of thinning of the fibrous cap that covers the advanced lesion. ;Participation of inflammation in all stages of atherosclerosis. A, Leukocyte recruitment to the nascent atherosclerotic lesion. B, T lymphocytes join macrophages in the intima during lesion evolution. C, Ultimately, inflammatory mediators can inhibit collagen synthesis and evoke the expression of collagenases by foam cells within the intimal lesion. From: ? Libby: Circulation, Volume 105(9).March 5, 2002.1135-1143 ;脂类与AS;多不饱和脂肪酸;多不饱和脂肪酸;多不饱和脂肪酸;多不饱和脂肪酸;;单不饱和脂肪酸;MUFA取代部分PUFA有重要意义;MUFA取代部分SFA有重要意义;饱和脂肪酸;食物中的脂肪酸;;脂肪酸;第62页/共85页;反式脂肪酸;反式脂???酸;反式脂肪酸;美国膳食和健康委员会（Committee on Diet and Health）;中国营养学会;中国居民膳食脂肪适宜摄入量（AI）（脂肪能量占总能量的百分比）;其他营养素与AS; Pathways of homocysteine and methionine metabolism. ;其他营养素与AS;营养干预原则;高血压;AS;AS;高血压发生的原因 ;遗传因素;饮食多钠