仪表等级飞行员理论培训.pptxVIP

仪表等级飞行员理论培训第1页/共64页 Safely Finding The Airport?第2页/共64页 Precision ApproachesPrecision Approaches provide vertical guidance in addition to lateral guidance, most often through the use of an electronic glideslope. Precision Approaches include:ILS (Instrument Landing System)GPS (LAAS) MLS (Microwave Landing System) (5 in US)PAR – Precision Approach Radar第3页/共64页 Non-Precision Approaches provide lateral guidance only, descent is staged at specific distances along the approach. Non-Precision Approaches include:Non-Precision ApproachesVOR NDBRNAV (GPS)ASR – Airport Surveillance Radar Localizer (front back courses)LDA / SDF / RNAV第4页/共64页 The United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) is the approved criteria for formulating instrument approach procedures.The FAA Handbook is FAA Order 8260.3B. Air Force, Navy, Army and Coast Guard have their own Handbook manual number.第5页/共64页 Approach SegmentsFour approach segmentsInitialIntermediateFinalMissed ApproachFive segments if you count the up front feeder route.第6页/共64页 Segments of an Approach第7页/共64页 Initial Approach SegmentAligns your aircraft with the approach courseDME ArcProcedure Turn or Holding PatternGuided courseInitial Approach FixAlways labeled “IAF” on chart第8页/共64页 Intermediate Approach SegmentPositions your aircraft for final descent to the airportIntermediate fix (IF)Begins at point where you are proceeding inbound to the final approach fix, properly aligned.Not all approaches have an intermediate fix第9页/共64页 Not all approaches have an intermediate fix第10页/共64页 Final Approach SegmentNavigates you from FAF/FAP to a point (MDA or DH/DA) where you may descend to runway, if required visual references are in sight.Precision Glideslope provides vertical guidance between point of GS intercept to minimums (DH/DA).NonprecisionFinal approach fix (FAF)Final approach point (FAP)PT intersects final approach course inbound.第11页/共64页 Final segment of ILS approach(precision)第12页/共64页 The Glide Slope第