20192020学年新人教版高中英语新教案必修一 被动语态.docx

被动语态 1、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。汉语用“被、是、由、受、给” 等表示被动意义。 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： ①将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.如主动句的宾语是代词,需变为主格。 ②将动词改为“be+过去分词”, 且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。 请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语 请对比下面的主动句和被动句： 主动语态：They(主语) grow 谓( 语) tea(宾语) in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语) is grown谓(语) by them in the southeast of China. 3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 ①He gaveher some ①He gaveher some money他. 给她一些钱。 - She was given some money.=Some money was given to her. ②He boughther a watch.他给她买了一快表。 →She was bought a watch.=A watch was bought for her. ?注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to,for等),以加强间接宾语 的语气。 4、含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,常用it来作为被动句的形式主语,宾语从句保留不变。①Theysaidthat he had gone abroad to study En他gl们i说sh他.出国学英语去了。 →It was said that he had gone abroad to study据说En他gl出i国sh学.英语去了。 ②We havent decided when we should go 我ca们mp还i未ng决.定什么时候去野营。 - It hasnt been decided when we should go什c么am时p候in去g野. 营尚未决定。 ?提示：带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,为了简练,还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语,从句的谓语部分 还可以变为不定式短语。 ①We believed that he would suc们ce相ed信.他我会成功。 →He was believed to succe们e相d.信人他会成功。 ②Father expected that I should become an en亲g希in望e我er成.父为工程师。 →I was expected (by my father) to become an en亲g)i希ne望e我r.成(父为工程师。 5、不能用被动语态的若干情况 ㈠不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise, happen, succeed, remain, li等e,。last After the fire, nothing remai那n场ed大. 火之后，什么也没留下来了。误 :After the fire, nothing was remained. ㈡不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如：take place, break out, belo等n。g to Great changes have taken place here si自nc1e99109年90以.来这里发生了巨大的变化. 误 :Great changes have been taken place here since 1990. ㈢有的及物动词也没有被动语态.如cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, have, wish, hold, own, lack, fit, resemble, jump, m等in。d如： ①She entered the room just 他no刚w.才进过房间。→误:The room was entered by her just now. ②Tom jumped the queu汤e.姆插队。 →误:The queue was jumped by Tom. 被动语态的构成各种时态的被动语态be过去分词1 被动语态的构成 各种时态的被动语态 be 过去分词 1 一般现在时的被动语态 am / is / are 过去分词 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was / were 过去分词 3 现在进行时的被动语态 am / is /are+ being 过去分词 4 过去进行时的被动语态 was / were +being 过去分词 5 现在完成时的被动语态 have / has been 过去分词 6 过去完成时的被动语态 h