BasicStatisticsUseofMinitab英文基础知识.pptx

BasicStatisticsUseofMinitab英文 StatisticsStatistics is the branch of science that deals with the collection, presentation, analysis interpretation of data for the purpose of decision-making and problem-solving.Statistics is a critical skill in quality improvement as statistical techniques can be used to describe and to understand variability. VariabilityVariability is the result of changes in the conditions under which observations are made.Variability can come about due to changes inmaterial qualitymachine settings or conditionsmanpower standardsmethods of processingmeasurementmilieu (environment) Population SlePopulationthe entire set of measurements of interestSle a subset of data from the populationParameters numerical measures of a populationStatistics numerical measures of a sle Parameter vs Statistic Parameter Statistic Mean Variance Standard Deviation Type of data – “Gappiness”Whether there are gaps between successively observed values of a variable.Discrete Variablegaps exist between observationsobtained by countingContinuous Variableno gaps exist between observationsobtained by measuring Statistics - ObjectivesStatistics is the branch of science that deals with the collection, presentation, analysis interpretation of data for the purpose of decision-making and problem-solving.Objectives of Statistics:data reduction — Descriptive Statisticsinferential measurement — Inferential Statisticsidentification of relationships — Regression, ANOVA Statistics - OverviewStatisticsDescriptive StatisticsInferential StatisticsGraphical Presentations Numerical MeasuresChartsTablesLocationDispersionShapeParameter EstimationHypothesis TestingPoint EstimateInterval EstimateParametric MethodsNonparametric Methods Descriptive Inferential StatisticsDescriptive Statisticscomprises those methods concerned with collecting and describing a set of data so as to yield meaning informationInferential Statisticscomprises those methods concerned with the analysis of a su