非谓语动词基础版.docxVIP

非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词，也无并列连词连接时，其他的动词就只能用非谓语形式。 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式： to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done 二、三种形式的基本含义 不定式：表将来；动词的 ing：表进行；过去分词：表示完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing 被动 to be done to have been done ing 形式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done 过去分词 vt 表被动 done vi 表主动 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing 五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. 动名词的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (作主语时只能用所有格＋doing) 六、非谓语动词在句子中的作用 主语 宾语 定语 表语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动 名 词 现在分词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 过去分词 √ √ √ √ 热身练习：判断句中的非谓语动词从当什么成分 To see you is glad Swimming is his favourite sport. I want to see you. He enjoys swimming. My hope is to see you. This cup is broken. His favourite is swimming. Broken by Tom, the cup can’t be used. Swimming in Summer, we can get cool. He is the man to see you. This is a broken cup He is the man swimming in the river just now. I want him to see you. I found the cup broken. I found him swimming. 下面分别对三种非谓语动词分别进行讲解： 一、动词不定式 掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题： 1．分清“to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词,后接 doing. object to ， close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to 2．不定式带不带 to 的常见情况 helo后面的不定式to可要也可不要。 在but(=except),besides, than后的动词不定式一般要带to，但如果其前有作谓语的实义动词do，则不定式不带to The soldier has no choice but to obey. She did nothing but clean the dishes. 使役动词make,let,have,leave(=let)和感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to You may take a horse to the water, you cant make him drink. Dont forget to have them come. Leave him go. have 通常不用于被动语态，make 可用于被动语态，let 偶尔也可用于被动语态，在被动语态中，后面的不定式要加上 to。 不定式作表语时，如主语部分含有实义动词do，且句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时(多为is或was)，不定式可以带to也可不带to What we must do now is(to) find anther person to help us. (2)All he could do was (to) rush into the room. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式一般省去to (1)Her job is to take care of the children and wash clothes. The gir