长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究.pdfVIP

长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究 邹娟;鲁剑巍;陈防;李银水 【摘要】Nutrient use efficiency is an important index not only for fertilizer recommendation on the field scale but also for forecasting fertilizer demand on the regional and national scales, however, exact nutrient use efficiencies of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin have not been well known yet.In this paper, data from 74 field experiments were collected and used for analysis and evaluation of partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent recovery efficiency (RE), physiological efficiency (PE), and fertilizer contribution index of rapseed.The results indicated that AE averaged 6.2 kg kg-1 N, 6.3 kg kg-1 P2O5, and 2.6 kg kg- 1 K2O, respectively.RE averaged N 34.0％, P2O5 17.4％, and K2O 36.9％, respectively.The averages of PE were 18.5 kg kg-1 N, 35.5 kg kg-1 P2O5, and 9.1 kg kg-1 K2O.The contribution of N, P and K fertilizer to rapeseed yield was 41.9 ％, 21.4％, and 11.5 ％, respectively.It was concluded that nutrient use efficiencies of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin were low.Thus, rapeseed yield and nutrient use efficiencies should be improved simultaneously to ensure sustainability for rapeseed production.% 总结近年 来在长江流域冬油菜主产区进行的 74 个田间试验结果,分析目前条件下油菜氮磷钾 肥的偏生产力、农学效率、肥料表观利用率、生理效率及肥料对油菜产量的贡献率 . 结果表明,油菜农学效率分别为 6.2 kg kg-1N、6.3 kg kg-1 P2O5 和 2.6 kg kg-1 K2O;表观利用率为 N 34.0%、P2O5 17.4%和 K2O 36.9%,生理利用率为 18.5 kg kg-1N、35.5 kg kg-1P2O5 和 9.1 kg kg-K2O,氮磷钾肥对油菜籽产量的贡献率 分别为 41.9%、21.4%和 11.5%.研究结果显示,试验条件下长江流域油菜的肥料利 用率较低,生产上需同时解决油菜高产及肥料利用效率提高的问题. 【期刊名称】《作物学报》 【年(卷),期】2011(037)004 【总页数】6 页(P729-734) 【关键词】油菜;肥料利用率;氮;磷;钾 【作者】邹娟;鲁剑巍;陈防;李银水 【作者单位】华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉,430070;华中农业大学资源 与环境学院,湖北武汉,430070;中国科学院武汉研究所/武汉植物园,湖北武 汉,430074;华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉,430070 【正文语种】中 文 肥料利用率是反映作物、土壤、肥料之间关系的动态参数, 也是衡量肥料施用是否 合理的一项重要指标。它受到土壤肥力、施肥技术、作物品种、土壤水分、气候因 子、栽培管理措施等诸多因素的影响 [1]。大范围的肥料利用率一般来自两种渠道, 一是地区化肥施用量和粮食产量的数据, 二是汇总大量的田间试验结果[2-3]。目前, 多数研究都是根据田间试验的结果汇总而来的。由于田间试验受土壤、水分、气候 等多种条件的影响, 因