1.03 玉米高产管理技术 - （先锋克劳森）_粗饲料大会.docx

1 1/8/2015 玉米高产种植管理技 玉米高产种植管理技术 Corn Planting/Management Practices for High Yields Curt Clausen 2015年1月12日 INSERT SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION HERE 影响玉米产量的因素 影响玉米产量的因素 Factors that Influence Corn Yields 品种选择 (其他部分有介绍) Hybrid selection…covered in other presentation 土壤的耕种准备 Soil preparation/tillage 化肥(其他部分有介绍) Fertility…covered in other presentation 播种Planting the seed 播种密度Planting rates 杂草，虫害，病害Weeds, insects, and diseases 收获时含水量Moisture supply 收获时间Harvest timing 青贮玉米与常规玉米区别很小Little difference between silage and grain INSERT SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION HERE 1/8/2015 2 产品定位，管理及环境影响如 产品定位，管理及环境影响如何产量 Product Positioning, Management and Environment Impact Yield INSERT SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION HERE 关 关键的增长阶段 Key Growth Stages to Keep Plant Stress Free 发芽- 出苗= 潜在的果穗数 Germination – Emergence = Potential Ears/Ac V6 – V7 = 果穗的行数 V6 – V7 = Number of Rows/Ear V15 – VT = 每行粒数 V15 – VT = Number of Kernels/Row R1 – R2 = 受粉与籽粒数 R1 – R2 = Pollination and Kernel Count 产量=收获穗数X每穗粒数Yield = Number of Harvestable Ears x Number of Kernels/Ear INSERT SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION HERE 3 1960/611964/651968/691972/731976/771980/811984/85 1960/61 1964/65 1968/69 1972/73 1976/77 1980/81 1984/85 1988/89 1992/93 1996/97 2000/01 2004/05 2008/09 2012/13 玉 玉米产量: 中国 美国. Corn Yield: China U.S.1960-2014 公吨/公顷 Metric Tons/Ha 10 8 6 4 2 0 美国 INSERT SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION HERE 191 159 127 95 64 32 0 蒲式耳/英亩 Bushels/Acre 中国 12 土壤耕种准备 土壤耕种准备/深耕 Soil Preparation/Tillage 为什么要深耕 Reasons for tillage ?残留物清理 Residue management ?整地起垄 Seed bed preparation ?土壤预暖 Warming of soil ?肥料的应用效果 Fertilizer application ?过度深耕也会带来风险Risks associated with tillage…too much is not good ?压实Compaction ?腐蚀 Erosion ?成本 Cost INSERT SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION HERE 4 残 残留物对土壤温度的影响 6 度的差异: 7.5 厘米深 2011年5月25日 Impact of Residue on Soil Temp 6 Deg difference: 7.5 cm depth, May 26, 2011 19 °C INSERT SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION HERE 13 °C 种植技 种植技术 Planting Practices 温暖湿润的土壤-不是潮湿 Warm and moist seed bed…not wet