词性变化和词性转换.docxVIP

一、合成 有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。如:合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。fire + man fireman good+looking good-looking any+time anytime 一、派生 1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义反义词: un: healthy---unhealthy usual unusual happy unhappy dis: honest---dishonest appear disappear like---dislike cover discover im: possible impossible in: dependent independent 一、派生 1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义反义词: un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual happy---unhappy dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear like---dislike cover---discover im: possible---impossible in: dependent independent 2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性(1)名词后缀: -er: manage—manager, own---owner, record recorder report---reporter, teach---teacher, wait waiter win----winner, work---worker , write writer --or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent inventor -ress: wait---waitress, act actress -(t)ion: invent—invention, pollute pollution, attract—attraction, suggest suggestion collect---collection, locate location, operate---operation, protect protection solve---solution, add---addition 2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性 名词后缀: -ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization -(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision -ment: develop---development, amuse—amusement advertise---advertisement -ce: enter---entrance -ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying begin---beginning, build---building 2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性 名词+ist ; er 变成表示人的名词 -ist: science--scientist, art—artist, tour—tourist -er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer (3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom 变成名词 -ness: kind—kindness, ill—illness; -ty: safe—safety, difficult—difficulty, honest—honesty -ity: electric—electricity, national—nationality, active—activity, able—ability -th: true—truth, long—length -ce:different—difference, important—importance -dom: free—freedom, wise—wisdom, (2) 动词后缀: 名词+ize 变成动词:-ize: memory---memorize 形容词+en 变成动词:wide—widen (3). 形容词后缀: 1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an 变成形容词 -ed: age—aged, wound—wounded -ful: power—powerful, care—careful, use—useful success— successful, wonder—wonderful -y: wind—windy, rain—rainy, cloud—