刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解.pdf

第1章　导　言1.1　复习笔记 本章要点： 1 The definition and main branches of linguistics study 语言学的定义和研究的范围 2 The definition and the origi
of language 语言的定义与起源 3 The design feature and the function of language 语言的特征和功能 4 Some major concepts in linguistics 语言学中重要的概念 本章考点： 1 有关语言学的常考考点 (1) 语言学的定义，现代语言学与传统语法学研究的区别。 (2) 语言学中几组重要概念，每组两个概念的含义、区分及其意义。 (3) 普通语言学的主要分支学科及各自的研究范畴。 (4) 宏观语言学及应用语言学的主要分支及各自的研究范畴。 2 有关语言的常考考点 (1) 语言的定义；语言的基本特征（任意性、二重性、能产性、移位性、互换性、专门性和文化传递性）； (2) 语言的功能（寒暄、指示、信息、疑问、表达、劝说和施为）； (3) 语言的起源（本能论、唱歌说、模仿说、摹声说、感叹说、劳动喊声说等。） 本章内容索引： Ⅰ. Definition of linguistics Ⅱ. Linguistics vs. traditional grammar Ⅲ. Scope of linguistics 1 Microlinguistics 2 Macrolinguistics Ⅳ. Definition of language Ⅴ. Origi
of language 1 Ding-Dong Theory 2 Sing-Song Theory 3 Pooh-Pooh Theory 4 Yo-He-Ho Theory 5 Ta-Ta Theory 6 Bow-Wow Theory Ⅵ. Design features of language 1 Arbitrariness 2 Duality 3 Productivity 4 Interchangeability 5 Displacement 6 Specialization 7 Cultural tra
mission Ⅶ. Functio
of language 1 Phatic function/communion 2 Directive function 3 Informative function 4 Interrogative function 5 Expressive function 6 Evocative function 7 Performative function Ⅷ. Some major concepts in linguistics 1 Descriptive and prescriptive grammar 2 Synchronic and diachronic linguistics 3 Langue and parole 4 Competence and performance 5 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relatio
6 Functionalism and formalism Ⅰ. Definition of linguistics (语言学的定义) 【考点：名词解释】 Linguistics refe
the scientific or systematic study of language, which is led by the three scientific cano
: exhaustiveness, co
istency and economy. 语言学是对语言的科学或系统的研究。语言学研究的科学性可以归纳为：穷尽性、一致性以及简洁性。 Ⅱ. Linguistics vs. traditional grammar (语言学与传统语法) Linguistics diffe
from traditional grammar at least in three basic ways. 1 Linguistics describes languages, while traditional grammar prescribes rules of correctness. 2 Linguists regard the spoken language as primary, not the written. 3 Linguistics describes each language on its own merits, while traditional grammar