Urbanization with Chinese Characteristics分析和总结分析和总结.docxVIP

Urbanization with Chinese Characteristics a rel=nofollow onclick=doyoo.util.openChat();return false; href=# Abstract: As a result of substitution of capital for labor in agriculture and rigid demand of urban sectors for migrant workers, the rural-to-urban migration becomes irreversible process, and Todaro dogma, which aims to limit the migration under the assumption of “come-and-go” migration pattern, becomes an old-fashioned theory for policy-making. By empirically confirming the advent of the Lewis turning point ?C namely, a new stage of labor migration and more generally of economic development, the paper reveals the policy implications of the Lewis turning point and proposes the policy reforms needed for a complete urbanization, including hukou system reform and equalization of public services. Key Words: urbanization, Todaro dogma, hukou reform Introduction It is universally acknowledged by economists that agriculture’s share in aggregate output and the workforce tend to decline as an economy grows. However, economists only agree on the existence and inevitability of this phenomenon as a result of general economic growth; debates still arise on issues such as how production and employment are transformed during the economic development process, what characterizes each stage of their transformations and what changes are indicative in the transformations. In China, there is little agreement on the way these transformations take place either from a theoretical or an empirical perspective, for the following reasons: First, the explanations and predictions of development economics vary all the time. For example, while Lewis (1954, 1958) considered rural-to-urban migration an integral part of the development of a dual economy in developing countries, he in fact assumed that this process was a one-way movement, whereas Todaro (1969) and Harris and Todaro (1970) viewed it as a circular movement following a repetitive “come-and-go” pattern. Second, there have been dissi