小学基础语法汇总.docxVIP

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  • 2023-10-10 发布于上海
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第一部分:基础知识 1.字母:26 个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:A E I O U 12 个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [? ] /e/ [?] 中元音:[?:] [?] 后元音:[ɑ:][?] [? :][?] [u :] [? ] 双元音(8 个) Ⅰ.合口双元音(5 个)[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [? i] Ⅱ.集中双元音(3 个) [i?] [ε?] [u?] 词汇:词汇量,近反义词 句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识 一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格 (一)名词单复数 一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数:(需背熟) man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 有生命的东西的名词所有格: 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt 以 s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags 不以 s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes l 并列名词中,如果把 ’s 加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二部分:语法知识 二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类: 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用 an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / 定冠词:the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法: 特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. 复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况: 专有名词前:China is a big country. 名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball. 复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast a

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