操作系统教学课件OS11.pptxVIP

操作系统教学课件OS_11 Chapter 11: File System ImplementationFile System StructureFile System Implementation Directory ImplementationAllocation MethodsFree-Space Management Recovery (恢复)Log-Structured File Systems(基于日志的文件系统)NFS2 Objectives (P411)To describe the details of implementing local file systems and directory structures.To describe the implementation of remote file systems.To discuss block allocation and free-block algorithms and trade-offs.3 File-System Structure (P412)File structureLogical storage unitCollection of related informationFile system resides on secondary storage (disks).File system organized into layers.File control block – storage structure consisting of information about a file.4 Layered File System (P412)5 A Typical File Control Block (P415)6 In-Memory File System Structures (P416)The following figure illustrates the necessary file system structures provided by the operating systems.Figure 11-3(a) refers to opening a file.Figure 11-3(b) refers to reading a file.7 In-Memory File System Structures (P416)8 Virtual File Systems (P417)(P417) Two questionsVirtual File Systems (VFS) provide an object-oriented way of implementing file systems.VFS allows the same system call interface (the API) to be used for different types of file systems.The API is to the VFS interface, rather than any specific type of file system. (see figure 11.4)9 Schematic View of Virtual File System (P418)10 Directory Implementation (P420)Linear list of file names with pointer to the data blocks.simple to programtime-consuming to executeHash Table – linear list with hash data structure.decreases directory search timecollisions – situations where two file names hash to the same locationfixed size11 Allocation Methods (P420)An allocation method refers to how disk blocks are allocated for files:Contiguous allocation （连续分配）Linked allocation （链接分配）Indexed allocation （索引分配）12 Contiguous Allocation (P421)Each file occupies a set of contiguous blocks on the disk.Simple – only starting locat