专题04 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“文体判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版.docxVIP

2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】 专题04阅读理解“文体判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版 【近年高考考情】 1.（2022·全国乙卷）第27题 2.（2020·浙江7月卷）第24题 3.（2020·浙江1月卷）第23题 4.（2018·全国II卷）第35题 【解题实用技法】 “文体推断”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处： 1.结构法：如果属于“总分总”结构，多从“总处”找依据； 2.排除法：运用排除法，先把最不可能选项划掉缩小范围； 3.关键词法：依据题干圈划相应的关键词语，据此知道答案。 新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。 研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。 图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。 科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。 个人日记类文章(a personal diary)：此类文章典型特点是第一人称，叙述自己和与他人旅行经历、探险经历、探亲经历、阅读经历等生活故事以及自己所见所想所感。 【高考真题再练】 【01】（2022年全国乙卷B篇） In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drill