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Electrolytes
Electrolytesarecompoundswhichwhenmoltenordissolvedinwaterconductelectriccurrentandaredecomposedintheprocess.
Non-electrolyte
Anon-electrolyteisaliquidwhichdoesnotallowthepassageofelectricity.
MoltenSolution
Thisiscomposedoflead(II)ions,Pb2+,andbromideions,Br-.ItschemicalformulaisthereforePbBr.
2
AsuitableapparatuswhichcouldbeusedtocarryoutthiselectrolysisisshowninFigureabove.
AttheCathodeAttheAnodeObservationObservation?Whenelectricityisflowing,asilverydepositofleadmetalformsonthecathode.Infact,asitismolten,itismorelikelytodripoffinamoltenblob.?Whenelectricityisflowing,brownfumesofbrominegasareseenattheanode.HalfequationPb2++2e---PbHalfequation
AttheCathode
AttheAnode
Observation
Observation
?
Whenelectricityisflowing,asilvery
depositofleadmetalformsonthe
cathode.Infact,asitismolten,itismorelikelytodripoffinamoltenblob.
?
Whenelectricityisflowing,brown
fumesofbrominegasareseenattheanode.
Halfequation
Pb2++2e---Pb
Halfequation
2Br----Br+e
2
Explanation
Explanation
?
?
Thelead(II)ions,astheyarepositive,
movetothenegativecathode,whereeachiongainstwoelectronstoformaleadatom.
Anyreactionatacathodeinvolvedis
againinelectrons.Thisiscalledreductionormoreexactly,cathodicreduction.
?
?
?
Thebromideions,astheyare
negative,movetothepositiveanode,whereeachlosesanelectrontoformabromineatom.
Thentwoofthesenewlyformedatomscombinetoformbrominegas.
Anyreactionatananodeinvolvesa
lossofelectrons.
lossofelectrons.
Insummary,thelead(II)bromideissplitintoitscomponentelements:
PbBr---Pb+Br
2 2
ElectrolysisofAqueousSulphuricAcid
Assulphuricacidisaqueous,itiscomposednotonlyofhydrogenions(H+)andsulphateions
(SO
2-),butalsoofhydroxideions(OH-)fromthewater.
4
HSO +HO--2H++SO2-+H
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