镍基单晶高温合金研究进展.docVIP

镍基单晶高温合金研究进展

孙晓峰,金涛,周亦胄,胡壮麒

,中国科学院金属研究所,沈阳110016,

,单晶高温合金具有较高的高温强度、良好的抗氧化和抗热腐蚀性能、优异的蠕摘要

变与疲劳抗力、良好的组织稳定性和使用可靠性,广泛应用于涡轮发动机等先进动力推

进系统涡轮叶片等部件。由于采用定向凝固工艺消除了晶界,单晶高温合金明显减少了

降低熔点的晶界强化元素,使合金的初熔温度提高,能够在较高温度范围进行固溶和时

效处理,其高温强度比等轴晶和定向柱晶高温合金大幅度提高。经过几十年的发展,单

晶高温合金已经在合金设计方法、组织结构与力学性能关系、纯净化冶炼工艺和定向凝

固工艺等方面取得了重要进展。本文从单晶高温合金成分特点、合金元素作用、强化机

理、力学性能各向异性、凝固过程及缺陷控制、单晶制备工艺等方面,简要介绍了单晶

高温合金的主要研究进展。

关键词,单晶高温合金,强化机理,定向凝固,各向异性

ResearchProgressofNickel-baseSingleCrystal

Superalloys

SunXiaofeng,JinTao,ZhouYizhou,HuZhuangqi

(InstituteofMetalResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shenyang110016,China)

Abstract:Singlecrystalsuperalloyshavebeenwidelyusedtomaketurbinebladesand

guidevanesfor

aero-enginesandindustrialgasturbinesbecauseofimprovedstrength,creep-rupture,fatigue,oxidationand

hotcorrosionpropertiesaswellasstablemicrostructureandreliabilityathightemperatureenvironments.

Afterremovalofgrainboundarybyusingdirectionalsolidificationtechnique,grainboundaryelementswhich

decreasetheincipientmeltingtemperaturewerereducedremarkablyinsinglecrystalsuperalloys.

Consequently,thesolutionandagingtreatmentofsinglecrystalsuperalloyscanbedoneathigher

temperatureduetotheenhancedincipientmeltingtemperature,andthenthehightemperaturestrengthof

singlecrystalsuperalloysishigherthanthatofequiaxedanddirectionallysolidifiedsuperalloys.Therewere

greatprogressonapproachofalloydesign,relationshipbetweenstructureandmechanicalperformances,

processofpuresmeltingandprocessingofdirectionalsolidificationinthelastdecades.Thepresentwork

reviewstheseprogressfromcompositionsofalloys,roleofelements,mechanismofstrengthening,

anisotropyofmechanicalproperties,procedureofsolidification,controlofdefectsandprocessingofsingle

crystalsuperalloys.

,,,singlecrystalsuperalloymechanismofstrengtheningdirectionalKeywords

,solidificationanisotropy