游戏开发-图形渲染与动画-计算机图形学（OpenGL_DirectX）_计算机图形学在电影特效中的应用.docxVIP

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计算机图形学基础

1OpenGL与DirectX简介

OpenGL和DirectX是两种广泛使用的计算机图形学API，它们在游戏开发、电影特效、虚拟现实和增强现实等领域扮演着核心角色。OpenGL是一个跨平台的、开放标准的图形库，由KhronosGroup维护，主要用于渲染2D和3D矢量图形。DirectX则是由微软开发的一系列多媒体API，主要用于Windows平台上的游戏和多媒体软件开发，其中Direct3D是用于3D图形渲染的部分。

1.1OpenGL示例：绘制一个三角形

#includeGL/glew.h

#includeGLFW/glfw3.h

#includeiostream

//Vertexshadersourcecode

constchar*vertexShaderSource=#version330core\n

layout(location=0)invec3aPos;\n

voidmain()\n

{\n

gl_Position=vec4(aPos.x,aPos.y,aPos.z,1.0);\n

}\0;

//Fragmentshadersourcecode

constchar*fragmentShaderSource=#version330core\n

outvec4FragColor;\n

voidmain()\n

{\n

FragColor=vec4(1.0f,0.5f,0.2f,1.0f);\n

}\n\0;

intmain()

{

//InitializeGLFW

if(!glfwInit())

{

std::coutFailedtoinitializeGLFW\n;

return-1;

}

//CreateawindowedmodewindowanditsOpenGLcontext

GLFWwindow*window=glfwCreateWindow(800,600,LearnOpenGL,NULL,NULL);

if(!window)

{

std::coutFailedtocreateGLFWwindow\n;

glfwTerminate();

return-1;

}

//Makethewindowscontextcurrent

glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

//InitializeGLEW

if(glewInit()!=GLEW_OK)

{

std::coutFailedtoinitializeGLEW\n;

return-1;

}

//Setupvertexdata(andbuffer(s))andconfigurevertexattributes

floatvertices[]={

-0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//Firstvertex

0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f,//Secondvertex

0.0f,0.5f,0.0f//Thirdvertex

};

//Createavertexbufferobject

unsignedintVBO;

glGenBuffers(1,VBO);

//Bindthebufferand