生物学导论biology10近年原文.ppt

Chap.10.Mendeliangenetics

孟德尔遗传学说

KeytermsAllelefrequency等位基因频率Biologicalspeciesconcept生物学物种概念Clones克隆，无性系Eugenicslaws优生法则Foundereffect始祖效应Genefrequency基因频率Genepool基因库Geneticbottleneck遗传瓶颈Geneticcounselor遗传病辅导员Geneticdiversity遗传差异Hybird杂交Monoculture单一栽培Morphologicalspeciesconcept形态学物种概念Population种群Species物种Subspecies亚种

KeytermsAlleles等位基因Autosome常染色体Carrier携带者Dominantallele显性等位基因Geneticheterogeneity遗传异质性Genome基因组,染色体组Genotype基因型Heterozygous杂合子Homozygous纯合子Lawofdominance显性定律Lawofindependentassortment独立分配定律Lawofsegregation分离定律Locus位点Phenotype表现型Pleiotropy基因多效性Recessiveallele隐性等位基因Sexchromosome性染色体X-linkedgeneX-连锁基因

Concepts10.1Genetic,meiosis,andcells10.2Single-geneinheritancepatterns10.3Mendel’slawsofheredity10.4Probabilityversuspossibility(self-learning)10.5Stepsinsolvingheredityproblems:single-factorcrosses10.6Thedouble-factorcross(self-learning)10.7Alternativeinheritancesituations10.8Environmentalinfluencesongeneexpression

10.1Genetics,meiosisandcellsAgene(基因)isaportionofDNAthatdeterminesacharacteristic性状,itiscomposedofspecificsequencesofDNAnucleotides.Genetics(遗传学):thestudyofgenes,howgenesproducecharacteristics,andhowthecharacteristicsareinheritedisthefieldofbiologycalledgenetics.

MendeliangeneticGregorMendel(1822-1884)isthefirstpersontosystematically系统地studyinheritanceandformulatelawsThestudyofthepatternofinheritancethatfollowsthelawsformulatedbyGregorMendelisoftencalledMendeliangenetics

Genetics,meiosisandcellsLocus:aparticulargeneislocatedataspecificplaceonachromosomecalleditslocus(位点，复数称Loci)染色体上一个基因或者标记的位置。位点有时特指DNA上有表达功能的部分Allsexuallyreproducingorganismshaveadiploid(2n)stageProcess:2(n)meiosis(n)gametes(n)+(n)gametes fertilization2(n)P172

10.2Single-geneinheritancepatternsThereareseveralalternativeformsoralleles(等位