数字信号处理课件 第10章 Sample Rate Conversion.ppt

ChapterTen.SampleRateConversion1

Samplerateconversionhasmanyapplications;itsusedtominimizecomputationsbyreducingdatarateswhensignalbandwidthsarenarrowedthroughlowpassfiltering.Samplerateconversionismandatoryinreal-timeprocessingwhentwoseparatehardwareprocessorsoperatingattwodifferentsampleratesmustexchangedigitalsignaldata.Insatelliteandmedicalimageprocessing,samplerateconversionisnecessaryforimageenhancement,scalechange,andimagerotation.Samplerateconversionisalsousedtoreducethecomputationalcomplexityofcertainnarrowbanddigitalfilters.2

10.1.DECIMATIONFigure10-1.Samplerateconversion:(a)originalsequence;(b)decimatedbythreesequence.Decreasingthesamplingrateisknownasdecimation.increasingthesamplingrateisknownasinterpolation.Wecandecimate,ordownsample,asequenceofsampledvaluesbyafactorofDbyretainingeveryDthsampleanddiscardingtheremainingsamples.3

Figure10-2.Decimationbyafactorofthree:(a)spectrumoforiginalsignal;(b)spectrumafterdecimationbythree;(c)bandwidthBistoberetained;(d)lowpassfilterscutofffrequencyrelativetobandwidthB.4

TwoimportantfeaturesFirst,Xnew(m)couldhavebeenobtaineddirectlybysamplingtheoriginalcontinuoussignalatarateoffnew,asopposedtodecimatingxold(n)byafactorof3.Second,thereisofcoursealimittotheamountofdecimationthatcanbeperformedrelativetothebandwidthoftheoriginalsignal,B.Wemustensurefnew2Btopreventaliasingafterdecimation.Whenanapplicationrequiresfnewtobelessthan2B,thenxold(n)mustbelowpassfilteredbeforethedecimationprocessisperformed.IftheoriginalsignalhasabandwidthB,andwereinterestedinretainingonlythebandB,thesignalaboveBmustbelowpassfiltered,withfullattenuationinthestopbandbeginningatfstop,beforethedecimationprocessisperformed.5

Multiplestagesfilteringanddeci