毒理学基础-讲稿.ppt

ExposureRoutesofExposureTheROUTE(site)ofexposureisanimportantdeterminantoftheultimateDOSE–differentroutesmayresultindifferentratesofabsorption.Dermal(skin)Inhalation(lung)Oral(GI)Injection*ToxicologyWhatistoxicology?Thestudyoftheeffectsofpoisons.Poisonoussubstancesareproducedbyplants,animals,orbacteria.

Phytotoxins Zootoxins Bacteriotoxins

Toxicant-thespecificpoisonouschemical.

Xenobiotic-man-madesubstanceand/orproducedbybutnotnormallyfoundinthebody.*ToxicologyAffectsUsEveryday/CaliforniaWantstoServeaWarningWithFries(NYTimes,Sept21,2005)Fish-mercuryriskunderestimated(CNN.com,Apr12,2001)EphedraBan:WhatTookSoLong?(CBSN,Dec30,2003)Acrylamide*?APPhoto/AlexanderZemlianichenko?APPhoto/AnatolyMedzykViktorYushchenko:presidentofUkraine

poisonedbyDioxinToxicologyAffectsUsEveryday*

Melaminemilkpowder(China)ToxicologyAffectsUsEveryday*Melamineisachemicaltoproduce：So,Melamineisapoisontohumanbody.*WhyMelaminediscoverinMilkPowder?Milkpowderisproducedbymilk,themostimportantofmilkingredientisprotein.MelamineandproteinalsohavethesameN*Toreducetheconsumptionofmilk,produceraddedMelaminetocutcost,

MelamineisnoteasytotasteanddiscoverandlookssimilartoMilkpowder.*Howcomelatelydiscovered?Year2007,manypetswasdeadafterhadtheMadeinChinaPetFoodsandUSAdiscoveredthecontentofMelamineingredientinsidethepetsfood.

*Year2008,ManycaseswerefoundthatChina’sbabyhavingmostcasesofKidneyproblemsandthecasesstillincreasing.Year2008Aug,China’sauthoritydiscoveredthebelowfavoritesbrandofmilkpowdercontentsMelamine

*Whyitharmfultohuman?AfterconsumptionofMelamineintohumanbody,itwilltransfertoKidneystone.*????????????????