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英语国家概况期末复习资料

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

Chapter1Geography,PeopleandLanguage

1.Thefullname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand

NorthernIreland.

ItismadeupofmanyislandscollectivelyknownastheBritish

Isles.GreatBritainandIrelandaretwomainislandsoftheBritish

Isles.

2.TheRiverThames(secondlongestandmostimportant),

originatesinsouthwesternEnglandNorthSea.

3.Scotland(Edinburgh)importantriver:ClydeRiverkilts

4.Wales(Cardiff).TheSevernRiveristhelongestriverof

BritainflowthroughwesternEngland.

5.NorthernIreland(Belfast)LoughNeaghthelargestlake

intheBritishIsles.

6.Climate:temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersand

plentifulprecipitation(降雨量)Threemajorfeatures:winterfog,

rainyday,instability

7.LondonBuckinghamPalace,Guildhall(市政厅),St.

Paul’sCathedral,TheTowerBridgeofLondon

8.Themajoritypeopleoftepopulationisdescendantsofthe

Anglo-Saxons,aGermanicpeoplefromEurope.

MostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendantsofthe

Celticpeople,includingtheIrishpeople

9.EnglishbelongstotheIndo-Europeanfamilyoflanguages.

EnglishisintheGermanicgroup.

10.Germanicgroup:EastGermanic,NorthGermanic,West

Germanic.EnglishevolvedfromtheWestGermanicgroup.

11.①OldEnglish:influencedbyOldNorsespokenbythe

VikingsandwasrelatedtotheGermanandDutchlanguagesand

endedwiththeNormanConquest,whenthelanguagewas

influencebytheFrench-speakingNormans.

②MiddleEnglish:WilliamtheConquerorinvadedand

conqueredandtheAnglo-Saxons(NumerousFrenchwordscame

intotheEnglishvocabulary)

③ModernEnglish(15century):WilliamCaxtonbrought

standardizationtoEnglish,andspellingandgrammarbecame

fixed.