Unit6科技翻译（学习资料）.pdf

Unit6科技文体翻译

教学目标及基本要求：

了解科技英语的词汇、句法特点，掌握科技文体的翻译技巧。

教学重点：

1)英语科技词语的构成

2)科技英语的句法特点

教学难点：

科技英语的翻译方法

实用训练：

英译汉：Scientificpredictionforthenext30years

汉译英：技术创新

1.FormationofEnglishTechnicalTerms

OneofthemostdistinctivefeaturesofESTisitstechnicalterms，whichnotonly

accountforalargepartofEnglishvocabulary，butalsoarethemustimportantsource

ofnewcoinedwordsinmodernEnglish，rangingoveranextensiveareaofvarious

fields.AmasteryofthemwillbenefitusagreatdealinthetranslationofEST.

Intermsofform，Englishtechnicaltermsmaybeclassifiedintothreecategories,

namely,singlewords(e.g.robot机器人，Internet因特网，etc.),compoundforms(e.

g.feedback反馈，splashdown溅落，etc.)andphrases(e.g.on-and-off-the-road路

面越野两用的，anti-armored-fight-vehicle-missile反装甲车导弹，power

transmissionrelaysystem送电中继体系，etc.).Sincemostofthetechnicalterms

comeoutofthebasicrulesofword-formation，itsnecessaryforustoconducta

Briefsurveyoftheirformation.

1.Affixation缀合式科技词语

AffixationisanimportantmeansofcoiningnewEnglishwordsandtechnical

terms，withprefixandsuffixasinseparableelementsofthewordsbeingcoined.The

advantageofaffixationisevident:itisthemostflexiblemeansofformingnewwoods

anditspotentialofcreationisalmostboundless，thereforeitisextensivelyusedinthe

formationoftechnicalterms.BesidesprefixandsuffixofEnglishorigin，thereare

someforeignborrowings，noticeablytheLatinones,e.g.bio-(生命、生物)

thermo-(热)，electro-(电),aero-(空气)，carbo-(碳),hydro-(水),-ite(矿物)，

-mania(热、狂),etc.Ifwearefamiliarwiththeseprefixesandsuffixes，many

technicaltermsofsuchformationcanbetranslatedappropriately.Thefollowingare

sometypicalexamples.

miniultrasonicprober=mini+ultra+sonic+prober微型