国际市场营销学 （原书第18版）课件 第2章　国际贸易的动态环境全球视角贸易壁垒—国际营销者的雷区.pptx

Chapter2TheDynamicEnvironmentofInternationalTrade?McGraw-HillEducation.Allrightsreserved.Authorizedonlyforinstructoruseintheclassroom.?NoreproductionorfurtherdistributionpermittedwithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofMcGraw-HillEducation.

LearningObjectives1of22-1 ThebasisforthereestablishmentofworldtradefollowingWorldWarII2-2 Theimportanceofbalance-of-paymentfigurestoacountry’seconomy2-3 Theeffectsofperfectionismonworldtrade2-4 Theseveraltypesoftradebarriers

LearningObjectives2of22-5 TheprovisionsoftheOmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct2-6 TheimportanceofGATTandtheWorldTradeOrganization2-7 TheemergenceoftheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheWorldBankGroup

TradeBarriers—AnInternationalMarketer’sMinefieldTariffandNontariffBarriersUntilrecently,usehasbeenreducedinrecentyearsElectionofnationalisticleadersthreatensthiseffortSomecountriesattempttocontroltradefortheirownadvantageAscompetitionincreases,sodoestendencytowardprotectionismGlobaltradebenefitsallProvidesmorebusinessopportunitiesformarketersProvideswiderselectionofgoodsandservicesforconsumers

Exhibit2.1TopTen2017U.S.TradingPartners

($inbillions,merchandisetrade)RankCountryTotalTradeExportsImportsBalanceblankTotal3889.71546.82342.9-796.11China636.0130.4505.6-375.22Canada582.4282.4300.0-17.63Mexico557.0243.0314.0-71.14Japan240.267.7136.5-68.85Germany171.253.5117.7-64.36SouthKorea119.448.371.2-22.97UnitedKingdom109.456.353.13.58France82.533.648.9-15.39India74.325.748.6-22.910Italy68.318.350.0-31.6Source:/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/top/index.html,2018.

TradeBalanceStatisticsStatisticsaregreatlydistortedImportsfromChinaincludepartsfromothercountriesOftenseeninelectronicimports2017AppleimportsfromChinaApproximately$16billioniniPhonesApproximately$8billioniniPads

Exhibit2.2SourcesofDistortioninProminentTradeStatistics