计算机网络专业英语 课件 Lesson 3 PSTN, GSM and WWAN.pptx

L3-1

Lesson3PSTN,GSMandWWAN

;要点KeyPoints：

固定电话、移动电话、蜂窝网络

电路交换、机械交换、模拟交换、数字交换

中继线、采样率、解析率、PCM、主叫方、被叫方、本地回路、簇

地址空间、无缝连接、扁平化;Thepublicswitchedtelephonenetwork(PSTN)istheaggregateoftheworld’scircuit-switchedtelephonenetworksthatareoperatedbynational,regional,orlocaltelephoneoperators,providinginfrastructureandservicesforpublictelecommunication.ThePSTNconsistsoftelephonelines,fiberopticcables,microwavetransmissionlinks,cellularnetworks,communicationssatellites,andunderseatelephonecables,allinterconnectedbyswitchingcenters,thusallowingmosttelephonestocommunicatewitheachother.Originallyanetworkoffixed-lineanalogtelephonesystems,thePSTNisnowalmostentirelydigitalizedinitscorenetworkandincludesmobileandothernetworks,aswellasfixedtelephones.;Theoriginalconceptwasthatthetelephoneexchangesarearrangedintohierarchies,sothatifacallcannotbehandledinalocalcluster,itispassedtoonehigherupforonwardrouting.Thisreducedthenumberofconnectingtrunksrequiredbetweenoperatorsoverlongdistancesandalsokeptlocaltrafficseparate.

However,inmodernnetworksthecostoftransmissionandequipmentislowerand,althoughhierarchiesstillexist,theyaremuchflatter,withperhapsonlytwolayers.

Asdescribedabove,mostautomatedtelephoneexchangesnowusedigitalswitchingratherthanmechanicaloranalogswitching.Thetrunksconnectingtheexchangesarealsodigital,calledcircuitsorchannels.Howeveranalogtwo-wirecircuitsarestillusedtoconnectthelastmilefromtheexchangetothetelephoneinthehome(alsocalledthelocalloop).Tocarryatypicalphonecallfromacallingpartytoacalledparty,theanalogaudiosignalisdigitizedatan8kHzsampleratewith8-bitresolutionusingaspecialtypeofnonlinearpulsecodemodulation(PCM)knownasG.711.Thecallisthentransmittedfromoneendtoanotherviatelephoneexchanges.