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barcodingwasinventedbyPaulHebertoftheUniversityofGuelph,inOntario,Canada,

in2003.Hisideawastogenerateauniqueidentificationtagforeachspeciesbasedona

shortstretchof.Separatingspecieswouldthenbeasimpletaskofsequencingthistiny

bitof.DrHebertproposedpartofagenecalledcytochromecoxidaseI(COI)assuitable

tothetask.Allanimalshaveit.Itseemstovaryenough,butnottoomuch,toactasa

reliablemarker.Anditiseasilyextracted,becauseitisoneofahandfulofgenesfound

outsidethecellnucleus,instructurescalledmitochondria.

BarcodinghastakenoffrapidlysinceDrHebertinventedit.Whentheideawasproposed,it

wapectedtobeaboontotaxonomiststryingtonametheworld’smillionsofspecies.It

hasHowever,provedtohaveafarwiderrangeofusesthanthemerelyacademic–most

promisinglyintherealmofpublichealth.

Onehealth-relatedprojectistheMosquitoBarcodinginitiativebeingrunbyYvonne-Marie

LintonoftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon.Thisaimstobarcode80%oftheworld’s

mosquitoeswithinthenexttwoyears,tohelpcontrolmosquito-bornediseases.Mosquitoes

areresponsibleforhalfabillionmaterialinfectionsand1mdeathseveryyear.Theyalso

transmitdevastatingdiseasessuchasyellowfever,WestNilefeveranddengue.However,

effortstocontrolthemaconsistentlyunderminedbythedifficultyandexpenseof

identifyingmosquitoes–ofwhichthereareatleast3,500species,manyofthemhardtotell

apart.

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HERIOT-WATTUniversityinEdinburghhasbecomethefirstinEuropetoofferanMBAinGIC.

Arabicstudentswillbeabletosignuptostudyatadistanceforthebusinesscoursesintheir

ownlanguage.TheEdinburghBu