初中英语常用词汇总结与拓展.docxVIP

初中英语常用词汇总结与拓展

词汇是语言的基石，对于初中阶段的英语学习而言，掌握并灵活运用常用词汇是提升听、说、读、写各项技能的关键。本文旨在对初中英语核心词汇进行系统性梳理，并提供实用的拓展策略，帮助同学们构建扎实的词汇网络，为后续学习奠定坚实基础。

一、核心词汇分类梳理

初中英语词汇量虽逐年递增，但核心词汇的掌握与运用始终是重点。以下从功能和主题两个维度进行分类总结，力求贴近日常学习与生活场景。

（一）功能词汇：构建句子的基本框架

这类词汇虽本身意义相对抽象，但在句子中承担着不可或缺的语法功能，是连接思想、组织语言的“粘合剂”。

1.代词(Pronouns)

*人称代词:I(me),you(you),he(him),she(her),it(it),we(us),you(you),they(them)

*例：Sheismybestfriend.(主格)/Igavehimabook.(宾格)

*物主代词:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(名词性);my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(形容词性)

*例：Thisismypen.Yoursisoverthere.

*指示代词:this,that,these,those

*例：Theseapplesaresweet.Thatisaredcar.

*不定代词:some,any,many,much,afew,alittle,few,little,all,both,either,neither,each,every,something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody

*例：Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Ihavefewfriendshere.

2.冠词(Articles):a,an,the

*例：Ihaveacat.Thecatisblack.Sheisanhonestgirl.

3.数词(Numerals):

*基数词:one,two,three...ten,eleven,twelve...twenty,thirty...hundred

*序数词:first,second,third...tenth,eleventh...twentieth,thirtieth...hundredth

*例：TodayisOctober1st(thefirst).Ihavethreebooks.

4.常见介词(Prepositions):in,on,at,under,behind,beside,between,from,to,for,with,about,of,by,like

*例：Thebookisonthedesk.Igotoschoolbybike.

5.常见连词(Conjunctions):and,but,or,so,because,if,when,while,after,before,although

*例：Ilikeapplesandbananas.Heistiredbuthappy.

（二）主题词汇：描绘世界的多彩画卷

这类词汇与我们的生活息息相关，按主题归类有助于联想记忆和情境运用。

1.人与社会(PeopleSociety)

*家庭与朋友(FamilyFriends):family,father,mother,brother,sister,friend,parent,child,husband,wife

*学校生活(SchoolLife):school,teacher,student,class,classroom,book,pen,pencil,desk,chair,subject(Chinese,Math,English,History,Geography,PE),homework,test,exam,study,learn,read,write

*职业(Jobs):teacher,doctor,nurse,driver,farmer,w