饱和水蒸气和空气的换热操作24课件讲解.pptxVIP

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饱和水蒸气和空气的换热操作24课件讲解.pptx

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导热系数的意义:当间壁的面积为1m2,厚度为1m,壁面两侧的温度差为1℃时,在单位时间内以热传导方式所传递的热量。

显然,导热系数值越大,则物质的导热能力越强。所以,导热系数是物质导热能力的标志,为物质的物理性质之一。

通常,需要提高导热速率时,可选用导热系数大的材料;反之,要降低导热速率时,应选用导热系数小的材料。

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Thesignificanceofthermalconductivity:Whentheareaofthepartitionwallis1m2,thethicknessis1m,andthetemperaturedifferenceonbothsidesofthewallis1℃,theheattransferredbythermalconductionperunittime.

Obviously,thelargerthevalueofthermalconductivity,thestrongerthethermalconductivityofthematerial.Sothermalconductivityisasignofasubstancesthermalconductivityandoneofitsphysicalproperties.

Usually,whenitisnecessarytoincreasethethermalconductivityrate,materialswithhighthermalconductivitycanbeselected;Onthecontrary,whenreducingthethermalconductivityrate,materialswithlowerthermalconductivityshouldbeselected.;一般来说,金属的导热系数最大,非金属固体次之,液体的较小,而气体的最小。

(1)金属固体的导热系数

金属是良好的导热体。纯金属的导热系数一般随温度的升高而降低,金属的纯度越高导热系数越大,合金的导热系数一般比纯金属要低。;Generallyspeaking,thethermalconductivityofmetalsisthehighest,followedbynon-metallicsolids,liquidsaresmaller,andgasesarethesmallest.

①Thermalconductivityofmetalsolids

Metalisagoodthermalconductor.Thethermalconductivityofpuremetalsgenerallydecreaseswithincreasingtemperature,andthehigherthepurityofthemetal,thegreaterthethermalconductivity.Thethermalconductivityofalloysisgenerallylowerthanthatofpuremetals.;(2)非金属固体的导热系数

非金属固体的导热系数与物质的组成、结构的致密程度及温度有关。

通常温度越高导热系数越大,密度越大导热系数也越大。

;②Thermalconductivityofnon-metallicsolids

Thethermalconductivityofnon-metallicsolidsisrelatedtothecompositionofthematerial,thedensityofthestructure,andthetemperature.

Usually,thehigherthetemperature,thegreaterthethermalconductivity,andthehigherthedensity,thegreaterthethermal

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