超临界直流炉论文：基于内模控制的直流炉主汽温控制策略应用研究.doc

超临界直流炉论文：基于内模控制的直流炉主汽温控制策略应用研究 【中文摘要】随着锅炉朝着大容量、高参数的方向发展,超临界机组的特点日益显现:大大降低了煤耗,节约了能源,减少了排污量,提高了经济效益。本文介绍了超临界直流锅炉的结构特点,并对直流锅炉主汽温的粗调、细调控制方案进行了相关介绍,接着通过机理分析,得到了超临界直流锅炉主汽温的动态数学模型。该模型由于纯滞后的存在,使得系统的超调量变大,调节时间变长,用常规的PID方法难以取得良好的控制效果。因此,如何改善时滞控制过程的控制品质一直是控制界的学者和研究人员关注的课题。本文介绍了内模控制的结构、内模控制的性质及参数设定方法,并用内模控制来整定PID控制器,其算法简单易行,只需整定一个参数,参数整定方便,便于工程应用。然后对大林控制和Smith控制的基础理论以及结构和控制器具体设计步骤进行了阐述,并研究两者和内模控制算法之间的关系,Smith控制和内模控制在结构上有相似性,Dahlin控制是内模控制在模型参数匹配时的特殊情况。本文在分析了模糊控制原理与特性后,得出模糊控制具有不需要被控对象精确数学模型和函数逼近能力强鲁棒性好的优点。然后将模糊控制和内模控制相结合,提出一种模糊内模控制策略,设计内模控制器,根据合适模糊规则,用模糊P调节器实时整定控制器的比例增益。借助MATLAB软件进行仿真,结果表明,该控制策略具有调节时间短和抗干扰能力强的优点。 【英文摘要】As the boiler develop towards large volume and high parameter supereritical generation units become more and more popular which reduce the coal consumption,economize the energy source,lessen the discharge capacity and enhance the economy benefit. The structure characteristics of supereritical generation units is introduced. The main抯 dynamic model is deduced,and the main抯 rough adjustment ,fine adjustment controlling strategies are introduced. The model has the characteristic of the timedelay, which can increase the overshoot and adjusting time. The common PID control method does not work very well.Therefore,how to improve the control quality of the system with delay time has been studied by many schools and experts.Then the structure, the method to design and properties of IMC have been introduced.The parameters of PID controller can be got based on IMC. There is only one tuning parameter,the method iseasy and feasible and can apply in reality.Dahlin control and Smith control are also introduced.It is shown that the Dahlin controller is a special case of the Smith controller and the Smith predictive control can run as an IMC control under some constraint conditions and the Dahlin control is equivalent to the IMC in case that the model matchs the plant.Particularly the fuzzy control is analysed. Fuzzy control does not need the exact model of the object and has go