signs and symptoms_重庆医大《检体诊断学》课件.pptVIP

Pneumothorax Symptoms motivation (strenuous exertion) sudden onset with unilateral pleuritic pain and dyspnea. The degree of dyspnea varies according to ★ the size of the pneumothorax ★ the lung’s healthy condition Pneumothorax Symptoms small closed pneumothorax with a good basic lung function, the initial dyspnea is slight and will improve after a few hours. large tension pneumothorax will produce sever dyspnea and even respiratory or circulatory failure Pneumothorax Sign No obvious signs if pneumothorax is small Large pneumothorax Inspection: the affected thoracic is full and the respiratory movement is restricted. Palpation: tracheal and apex beat deviation, vocal fremitus diminished or disappeared. Percussion: hyper-resonance on percussion Auscultation: diminution of breath sounds. 6. Atelectasis 肺不张 Loss of alveolar volume Obstructive atelectasis foreign body, neoplasm, sputum plug, endobronchial tuberculosis Non-obstructive atelectasis Compressive , e.g. pneumothorax, pleural effusion Atelectasis Symptoms: Varies according to the extent and degree of atelectasis. dyspnea, cough, toxic symptom associated with secondary infection. Atelectasis Signs: Inspection: retraction of the involved side and the respiratory movement is restricted. Palpation: heart and tracheal shift to the affected side, vocal fremitus is decreased, but increased in compressed atelectasis Percussion: dullness on percussion. Auscultation: diminution of breath sounds on the involved side, bronchial breath sounds could be heard on the compressive atelectasis. COPD and Asthma Clinic features Differential diagnosis of diseases COPD Asthma Airflow limitation ir-reversible reversible Symptoms cough, sputum, exertion dyspnea wheezing, dyspnea Dyspnea after doing something acute onset Lung function normal Signs rhonchi, rales wheezing Compare the similarities and differences between any 2 disease. pneum