银川市近50年参考作物蒸散量变化特征及影响因子分析.docVIP

  银川市近 50 年参考作物蒸散量变化特征及 影响因子分析# 刘光龙，张建明** 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 （兰州大学资源环境学院，兰州 730000） 摘要：基于作物蒸散量在区域水循环过程与水资源利用中的关键作用，选取银川市 1960— 2009 年气温、相对湿度、风速和日照时数等气象要素长观资料，采用 Penman-Monteith 公式 对银川市参考作物蒸散量进行了估算，运用 Mann-Kendall 检验法和偏相关分析法对参考作 物蒸散量的变化特征及影响因子进行了分析。结果表明：银川市近 50 a 参考作物蒸散量 随时间变化呈增加趋势，线性倾向率为 38.5mm/10a，20 世纪 60 年代呈平稳状态，70、80 年代开始缓慢上升，90 年代出现突变，显著增加。银川市近 50a 来气温和风速呈上升趋 势，特别是在 20 世纪 90 年代之后，增加显著；相对湿度和日照时数呈下降趋势，其中相对 湿度在 20 世纪 90 年代之后下降明显，日照时数在 20 世纪 80 年代之后下降明显。风速的 增加和相对湿度的减小是银川市参考作物蒸散量近 50a 呈现增加的主要原因，其次为日照时 数，气温的影响并不明显。 关键词：参考作物蒸散量；Penman-Monteith 公式；变化特征；影响因素；银川市 中图分类号：S161.4 Analysis of the Change Characteristic and Effect Factors of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in the last 50 years in Yinchuan Liu Guanglong, Zhang Jianming (College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China) Abstract: Based on the crucial role of the crop evapotranspiration in the regional hydrological cycle and water use, this paper selected long-term observations meteorological elements such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours and used the Penman-Monteith equation to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration(ET0) of the Yinchuan from 1960 to 2009. The change characteristic and effect factors of ET0 was analyzed using the methods of Mann-Kendall test and partial correlation. The results show that ⑴ the reference crop evapotranspiration had a increasing trend in the recent 50 years in Yinchuan, and the linear trend rate was 38.5mm/10a;⑵the air temperature and wind speed was rising, especially during the 1990s, increased significantly, while the relative humidity and sunshine hours had decreased.⑶the increacing wind speed and decreasing ralative humidity at the same period appear to the major causes for the positive trend of the reference crop evapotranspiration, followed by sunshine hours, but the influence of air temperature is not obvious. Key words: Reference crop evapotranspiration; Penman-Monteith equation;