2012届高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编精品讲义：定语从句与状语从句.docVIP

2012届高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编精品讲义：定语从句与状语从句 Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke fluently. (2011·湖南卷25) A. who B. whom C. which D. that 【解析】选C。前面谈到了3种语言即German，French和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which ＝of which all＝and all of them，作非限定性定语从句。 考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较： . 定语从句 ? 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 其前无逗号 其前有逗号 翻译 译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语) 译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句) 功能 修饰名词或代词 可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句 关系词 可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省 不可用that引导；关系词一律不省 意义 起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整) 起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响) 考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years. (2011·江西卷34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3年多时间。我们可以说whose construction，也可以说the construction of which＝of which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。 介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。考点3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较 例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011·全国大纲卷7) A. this B. that C. what D. which 【解析】选D。which引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。 例2： ______ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】选B。A、D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybody＝As everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. ＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. as和which的相同点： (1)先行词都可指代整个主句； (2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 as和which的不同点： (1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行； (2)as有“正如……”之意，而which表示“这一点”。 考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用 I will never forget the day ______I came to my university and the day ______I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 【解析】 选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when；第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。 如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时