两种菠菜累积硝酸盐特性差异的研究.docVIP

文章编号：1008-181X（2000）-04-0274-03 两种菠菜累积硝酸盐特性差异的研究 艾绍英1，李生秀2，唐拴虎1，姚建武1 （1：广东省农科院土壤肥料研究所，广东 广州 510640；2 西北农林科技大学资源与环境科学系，陕西 杨陵 712100） 摘要: 水培试验结果表明，日本超能菠菜生长后期的生长量较大，硝酸盐累积量较低，氮素吸收量较少，可以肯定其优良性；在生长后期供给等量硝、铵态氮的条件下，日本超能菠菜吸收硝态氮较少，还原硝酸盐的相对能力又较高，因而累积硝酸盐较宁夏圆叶菠菜低；在仅供给铵态氮源的条件下，日本超能菠菜还原硝酸盐能力较小，可能与其易于吸收和利用铵态氮源有关。 关键词: 菠菜；氮素吸收；硝酸盐累积和还原 中图分类号：S636；Q945.12 文献标识码：A Study on Difference in Nitrate Accumulation Characteristic between Two Spinach Varieties AI Shao-ying1, LI Sheng-xiu2, TANG Shuan-hu1, YAO Jian-wu1 ( 1: Soil and Fertilizer Institute, GAAS, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2: Department of Resource and Environment Sciences, Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Shaanxi 712100, China ) Abstract: Solution culture experiments with two varieties of spinach were conducted to study the differences on growth, nitrogen absorption, nitrate accumulation and reduction. The results indicated that, at the later growth period, the weight of Japanese spinach variety was larger than that of Ningxia spinach variety and accumulated nitrate amounts of J. sp. was less than that of N. sp. in the late growth stage. Under the condition of solution culture with two nitrogen resource after solution culture lacking nitrogen, J. sp. was more favorable to NH4+-N and it’s nitrogen absorbed was less than N. sp., nitrate relatively reduction ability of J. sp. also was greater than that of N. sp. When the plants were cultured with nutrition solution only containing NH4+-N resource after culture with high concentration of NO3--N, the nitrate reduction ability of N. sp. was larger than that of J. sp. because of more NH4+-N absorbed by J. sp. for metabolism. Key words: spinach; nitrogen absorption; nitrate accumulation and reduction 不同种类的蔬菜体内硝酸盐含量差异悬殊，最主要原因是蔬菜自身的遗传因素引起的，主要表现在两个方面：一是不同蔬菜的根系吸收硝酸盐的能力不同，根系吸收能力强，蔬菜的硝酸盐含量高，反之则低；二是不同蔬菜的硝酸还原酶活性（NRA）有差异[1，2]， NRA较高的蔬菜，还原硝酸盐的能力强，其体内累积硝酸盐的数量少，反之则多。因此，筛选和寻找硝酸盐低富集蔬菜品种是减少硝酸盐污染的一条重要途径[3]。此外，蔬菜体内累积硝酸盐的差异还与许多外部条件有密切关系[4~6]，如气候因素、栽培措施、土壤条件等。了解不同