建国初期的冬学运动（1949-1956年）.pdfVIP

论文摘要 冬学是中国北方农村冬季农闲时的一种传统社会教育形式。一九三〇年代和 一九四〇年代，中国共产党在抗日革命根据地把冬学发展成为教育农民识字学文 化和动员群众积极参加抗日救国的重要载体。一九四九年新中国成立后，中国共 产党利用这种形式继续进行扫盲教育和政治动员，使其成为建国初期教育农民的 主要形式。它为新中国的建设起了相当重要的作用，对农村社会生活和农民的文 化水平、习惯及其思想观念产生了很大的影响。但由于中国共产党在建国后处于 新的地位，面对新的任务，又发挥自身强大的动员作用，逐步把季节性的冬学转 变为常年的民校。 本文以《人民日报》对有关冬学的报道作为主要的分析材料，在对比一九四 九年之前和之后冬学运动的基础上，介绍了建国初期（一九四九年至一九五六年） 冬学运动的历史过程，描述了冬学的教学和管理等方面的细节，分析了冬学运动 的历史影响和转变的原因。 本文不仅更多地把冬学作为“运动”来考察，而且透过这个运动，展现了中 国共产党在一九四九年以后对农村社会治理方式的变迁过程，以及在这个过程中 中国共产党和政府与农村社会互动关系。 关键词：延续、转变、冬学运动、建国初期 Abstract Dong Xue is a traditional form of social education in the north of China in winter when the peasants had much slack time. The Communist Party of China developed Dong Xue into an important form of the literacy education and mobilizing the masses to participate actively in the anti-Japanese war to save the country in the anti-Japanese revolutionary bases in 1930s and 1940s. After the New China was founded in 1949, the Communist Party of China continued to use Dong Xue which was the most important form of educating the peasants to carry the literacy education and political mobilization.It played a very important role in the construction in the New China,and had a great impact on the social life of rural community and the cultural level, habits and ideas of the peasants. However, the Communist Party of China used their great power in the mobilization to change gradually Dong Xue to perennial amateur schools for peasants ,for the reason that the Communist Party of China was in a new position, in the face of new tasks after the founding of the New China . In this paper, I make use of the reports on Dong Due in the newspaper Peoples Daily as the major materials for my analysis .On the basis of the comparison between the movement of Dong Xue before 1949 and after 1949, firstly I introduce the historical