出口对就，工资和收入不平等的影响.pdfVIP

中国经济学教育科研网讨论稿系列 CHINA ECONOMICS NETWORK WORKING PAPER SERIES YEAR2013 NO.2013002 出口对就业，工资和收入不平等的影响 ——来自中国的经验证据 * 张川川 内容提要 使用微观人口普查数据和贸易数据，本文估计了中国出口对就业、工资和收入不 平等的影响。结果显示，2000 年至2005 年间的出口增长显著提高了制造业就业和服务业就 业，并且出口增长对年轻人、低教育水平人口、农村户籍人口和女性就业的影响更显著，效 果更大。使用2005 年截面数据所作进一步研究显示，出口显著提高了在业者的收入水平， 并且在一定程度上降低了城市内收入不平等。最后，本文补充考察了进口的影响，没有发现 进口对就业和工资有显著影响。然而，进口导致了城市内收入不平等的增加。 关键词 出口 就业 工资 收入不平等 Effects of Exporting on Employment, Wage and Income Inequality ——Empirical Evidence from China Abstract: Using micro population census data and trade data, this paper estimates the effect of China’s exporting on employment, wage and income inequality. Results show that exporting growth during 2000 to 2005 significantly promoted employment in manufacturing sector and service sector, and the effect of exporting growth on younger, less-educated, rural and women labor force are more significant and larger. Further studies using the 2005 data show that exporting significantly promoted wage of current workers and lowered income inequality within cities to some extent. Finally, the paper takes into account the impacts of importing but finds no significant effects of importing on employment and wage. However, importing significantly increases income inequality within cities. Key words: Exporting; Employment; Wage; Income Inequality JEL Classification: F16 J21 J31 * 北京大学国家发展研究院博士，中央财经大学经济学院讲师，Email:ccz.zhang@ 。作者感谢哈佛 大学Richard Freeman 教授和希伯来大学Avraham Ebenstein 博士的评论和修改意见。文章曾在第十二届中 国经济学年会上报告，作者感谢与会者的评论和修改意见。文章初稿完成于作者在哈佛大学访问期间，作 者感谢北京大学教育基金会对访问的资助，感谢哈佛大学经济系为作者研究提供的便利。问责自负。 1