城市低保退出问题研究—以山东省L市为例.pdfVIP

摘要 城市低保制度运行十余年来，政策覆盖面不断扩大，保障的人口越来越多， 随着制度的推行，其在“应退尽退”方面的要求更为强烈，骗保、人情保的现象 常常见之于报端，“退保难”的问题不断凸显。在这一背景下对城市低保的退出 进行研究，对于提高低保制度的运行效率，确保低保制度的公平性有着较为重要 的意义。 本文试图借助史密斯过程模型这样一种分析工具，综合运用“经济人”假设、 非正式规则等理论，以 L 市作为研究对象，使用访谈法，对低保工作人员、低 保对象和低保边缘户进行访谈，在实地调研的基础上，总结分析 L 市低保退出 现状及存在的问题，从政策本身、政策执行过程、低保对象、政策环境这四个方 面来分析制约城市低保退出的因素。文章认为某些规定的滞后和缺失对低保对象 退出低保产生了负激励效应，政策执行者人数不充足、专业性低及受非正式规则 的影响导致在政策实施过程中偏离政策目标，低保对象自身没有能力及不愿意退 保，企业对低保对象就业的排斥及周围环境对低保户的宽容等都影响了低保的退 出效果。最后，在分析了制约因素的基础上，提出了完善城市低保退出的对策建 议，如提高低保的立法层次、完善《低保条例》、提高低保工作人员的专业性、 建立责任追究制、完善政策环境等。 关键词：城市最低生活保障制度、退出机制、制约因素 I Abstract The urban subsistence allowance has been running for over a decade, the coverage has been expanding and the population being guaranteed has been increasing. With the implementation of the system, the requirement of person who should quit try to quit is more intense and the phenomenon of fraudulent and obtained through interpersonal often common in newspapers. The problem that being difficult to quit subsistence allowances is constant to highlight. In the context, studying exit of the urban subsistence allowance has a more important significance for improving the operational efficiency of the system of subsistence allowances, and to protect the fairness of it. This paper attempts to make use of a theoretical analysis tools that calling Smith process model, integrated use of economic man hypothesis, informal rules, etc., studying L city using interviews. It analyzes the L city’s current situation of quitting the subsistence allowance and existing problems, and analyzes the factors that restricting exit